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Last revised: Apr. 10, 2024


GEN9190 Fundamentals of Modern Space Exploration and Propulsion Systems

1. Class information
  • Course No. :  GEN9190
  • Course title: Fundamentals of Modern Space Exploration and Propulsion Systems
  • Credit-Lecture Hour-Practice Training: 2.00-2.00-0.00
  • Organizing Department: Creative Convergence Education Team

  • Course classification: General Elective

  • Class hour: Tues 13:00-15:00


2. Instructor information
  • Name: Dr. Keun Ryu
  • Department: Mechanical Engineering
  • Email: kryu@hanyang.ac.kr
  • Web: http://turbolab.hanyang.ac.kr/GEN9190.html

  • Office hours: By scheduled appointment (E-mail in advance required)
  • About office hours: This is to encourage individual interaction between the students and the instructor. Students should prepare by organizing questions in advance.

3. Grading

Mid-term Exam (35%), Final Exam (35%), Attendance (5%), Homework Assignment (20%=5% x 4), Class participation (5%)

4. Course outline

  This course provides an introduction to the concepts and technologies of modern space explorations and systems. Space systems combine engineering, science, and external phenomena. The course focuses on scientific and engineering foundations of spacecraft systems and interactions among various subsystems. The basic nomenclature, vocabulary, and concepts will be given.

  Main topics include space environment and interactions, overview of space mission design and applications, and space propulsion and launch systems. In particular, students will learn how rockets work and find out about the various missions to the Moon and Mars. Moreover, recent advances in rocket propulsion systems, such as reusable launch vehicles, electrically driven pump systems, methane rocket engines, and 3D printed rocket engines, will be discussed.

5. Reference books (Not required)

Available in Hanyang University Library (Free access to Hanyang University students)

1) Future Spacecraft Propulsion Systems, Enabling Technologies for Space Exploration, Paul A. Czysz, Claudio Bruno, Springer, 2009, ISBN: 978-3-540-88813

2) Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines, Dieter K. Huzel and David H. Huang, AIAA, 1992, ISBN: 978-1-56347-013-4

6. Homework (HW)

During the course of the semesters, each student is expected to review seven films related to Space. Please see the class schedule below.
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Your "review" HW report should consist of minimum 1 page & maximum three separate pages:
1) Basic overview of the background and plot of the film (25 %)
2) Personal review (25 %)

3) What is your favorite line or quote in the film that make you think? Why? (20 %)
4) The parts/scenes that are scientifically or historically accurate/correct (10 %)

5) The parts/scenes that are scientifically or historically inaccurate/incorrect (10 %)
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Citation is an acknowledgement of a source used in an assignment. Citation is the cornerstone of a good academic writing! The practice of citation is very important because students must take responsibility for what is rightfully theirs and what is not. References should be listed together at the end of the paper. Please follow the ASME Journal Guidelines: https://www.asme.org/publications-submissions/journals/information-for-authors/journal-guidelines/references

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Please download the HW template and use it for your HW. Other formats/templates are NOT allowed.

NO plagiarism! ZERO tolerance! The instructor (Prof. Ryu) WILL read and evaluate your report.

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All homework assignments must be submitted in printed form during class. Email submissions will not be accepted.

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7. One minute paper
At end of class, the instructor will request students to fill one Minute Paper to establish their degree of understanding and address to questions or issues still unanswered. Please download the template.

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8. No Plagiarism Policy
Plagiarism consists of passing off as one's own ideas, words, writings, etc., which belong to another. Plagiarism is one of the worst academic sins, for the plagiarist destroys the trust among colleagues without which knowledge and learning cannot be safely communicated.


9. Lecture material and topics

• Week 1

1) Introduction to the class

2) I chose English as the teaching language in this class to broaden the global communication skills and access a wider range of resources.
How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky | TED: https://youtu.be/RKK7wGAYP6k?si=CyamVAR1LV5KZUFq

3) A Moore¡¯s Law for space: https://spacenews.com/moores-law-space/

How does Starlink Satellite Internet Work?: https://youtu.be/qs2QcycggWU?si=ssTaaXEZ_iioBeHJ

There are already more than 4,000 Starlink satellites in orbit: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/cyThDF-vI48


• Week 2

1) Introduction to the topics

  - NASA's Perseverance Rover Lands Successfully on Mars: https://youtu.be/L6dx0pO5MSw

  - Watch SpaceX launch NASA astronauts into space in a historic mission: https://youtu.be/zAtjTawE5KA

  - Launch sequence animation of Nuri, also known as KSLV-II, is South Korea's second carrier rocket: https://youtu.be/zu3KTNW5FTs

  - https://astronomy.com/news/2021/09/spacex-inspiration4-mission-will-send-4-people-with-minimal-training-into-orbit

  - https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/spacex-gets-ready-launch-first-all-civilian-crew-orbit-2021-09-12/

  - https://www.youtube.com/live/Mp1rp5R4Q1U?si=PMhMsLNhQtFVb5Ld


2) HW Assignment 1: First Man (2018) (Due: Week 4)

 Rent from our Library (free): https://information.hanyang.ac.kr/#/search/detail/18351233

 Rent from Youtube ($3.99): https://youtu.be/K2supcajlLk or https://youtu.be/HPqRR_dzKqo

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3) An Astronaut Reacts to Films About Space https://youtu.be/K1AAwLPH5T8


• Week 3

1) Latest news: First-ever civilian SpaceX flight returns from orbit

https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/spacex-capsule-with-worlds-first-all-civilian-orbital-crew-set-splashdown-2021-09-18/

https://edition.cnn.com/2021/09/18/tech/spacex-inspiration4-splashdown-scn/index.html

https://youtu.be/fF0gpK3UbzQ

https://youtu.be/I1OPBnwfgQI

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2) NASA Artemis Program: Return to the Moon https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/

  - https://youtu.be/_T8cn2J13-4

  - U.S. government-funded international human spaceflight program

  - Goal: Landing "the first woman and the next man" on the Moon, specifically at the lunar south pole region, by 2024

  - Carried out predominantly by NASA, U.S. commercial spaceflight companies contracted by NASA, and international partners including the European Space Agency (ESA), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the Italian Space Agency (ASI), the Australian Space Agency (ASA), the UK Space Agency (UKSA), the United Arab Emirates Space Agency (UAESA), the State Space Agency of Ukraine, and the Brazilian Space Agency (AEB)

  - Meet Artemis Team Member Jonny Kim (born 1984, American US Navy lieutenant (and former SEAL), physician, and NASA astronaut): https://youtu.be/szkJlHqriDY

  - For more information, https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/artemis_plan-20200921.pdf

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4) Latest news: NASA Rolls Out Artemis 1 Rocket
Reuters (3/17/2022) reports that NASA¡¯s ¡°next-generation moon rocket began a highly anticipated, slow-motion journey out of its assembly plant en route to the launch pad in Florida on Thursday for a final round of tests in the coming weeks that will determine how soon the spacecraft can fly.¡± The rollout of the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and its Orion crew capsule began ¡°shortly after 5:30 p.m. EDT (2130 GMT) under clear skies at Cape Canaveral. A nearly full moon rose about 90 minutes later.¡± NASA chief Bill Nelson said as the rocket was rolled out, ¡°Ladies and gentlemen, the world¡¯s most powerful rocket, right here. Humanity will soon embark on a new era of exploration.¡±

SPACE (3/17/2022) reports that the four-mile journey ¡°is expected to take about 11 hours.¡±
SPACE (3/17/2022) reports that the Artemis 1 ¡°mission will test how well SLS and Orion can complete a mission to the moon and back, as Artemis 1 will see Orion launched on a journey lasting about 26 days that will take it 280,000 miles (450,000 km) from Earth, way out past the moon and then back to its home planet.¡±

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Have you signed up for your boarding pass yet? Add your name to fly aboard the historic flight: https://www.nasa.gov/send-your-name-with-artemis/

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5) Additional Resources (Optional)

Elon Musk Explains SpaceX's Raptor Engine: https://youtu.be/E7MQb9Y4FAE?si=Jj1IMWPKqAKjg-H3

6)  Space enterprise: Note 1

7) HW Assignment 2: Apollo 13 (1995) (Due: Week 7). Refer https://youtu.be/MdvoA-sjs0A and https://youtu.be/WM8kjDF0IJU for the true history from NASA.

 Rent from our Library (free): https://information.hanyang.ac.kr/#/search/detail/975145

 Rent from Youtube ($3.99): https://youtu.be/9bldSSyIT1c or https://youtu.be/rCK3tBK6IRA

8)
Additional Resources (Optional): Recent International Conference

  John Glenn 2021 Symposium Session Replays: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlqpu1_OaN2IBlQpXYx-vOtIZ5_3ep20U


• Week 4
1) Student review and feedback for HW 1

2) What is your level for these topics?

  - Dimensions: https://youtu.be/3KC32Vymo0Q

  - Black holes: https://youtu.be/rUvFbJYWGDA

  - Gravity: https://youtu.be/QcUey-DVYjk

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3) Introduction to the topics

  - Space Race to the Moon: https://youtu.be/WoJcvjhbJ70
  - From the Earth to the Moon (2019): Moon Landing (Clip) | HBO: https://youtu.be/GVAaPy7CMAM


4) NASA Apollo Program: Note 2

  - Reference: Apollo Program Summary Report → https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/APSR-JSC-09423.pdf

  - How the Apollo Spacecraft works: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3

  - What is inside of the LM?: https://youtu.be/oX8-IXdABuc

  - https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4731

  - https://skyandtelescope.org/observing/how-to-see-all-six-apollo-moon-landing-sites/

  - https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/revisited/index.html

  - ACT-REACT QuickMap site: Zoomable lunar map of LRO (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter) photos (Check: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/revisited/#.VTTxRa1VhHz)

 - https://www.nasa.gov/topics/history/index.html


5) Did you know?: Apollo Astronauts

- In 1963, 6.5 years before the first Moon landing, Buzz Aldrin earned a Doctorate degree from MIT, for his Sc. D. (Doctor of Science) thesis "Line-of-Sight Guidance Techniques for Manned Orbital Rendezvous."

- Dr. Aldrin took communion prior to taking the first steps on the lunar surface. (See https://youtu.be/GVAaPy7CMAM?t=809)

- With Apollo 8's first pass behind the moon, NASA's three astronauts (Frank F. Borman II, James A. Lovell Jr., William A. Anders) became the first humans to see the moon's far side.


6) Extra credit homework (i.e., not mandatory) (Due: Week 7 - Extended)

Please review a list of the female astronauts below.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_female_spacefarers

Write a 2-page essay about the most notable female astronaut who inspired you. Please submit your report in class. (no email submissions)


7) Did you know?: Female Astronauts

- Valentina Tereshkova holds many "firsts". She was the first woman in space, the first civilian in space, and the first (and only) woman ever to have flown a solo space mission. All of these milestones occurred in a single mission that lasted from June 16 to 19, 1963. The world would wait another 20 years before welcoming the first American woman, Dr. Sally Kristen Ride (Ph.D, Stanford University, "The interaction of X-rays with the interstellar medium"), to the outer space club.

- Dr. Soyeon Yi, the first South Korean citizen in space, holds a Ph.D in Bio and Brain Engineering from KAIST. (Dr. Yi's Doctoral Thesis: DNA separation chips using temporally asymmetric ratchet effect in nonuniform electric fields)

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8) Did you know?: MMU

- Only two people have performed untethered spacewalks with the manned maneuvering unit (MMU). Astronauts Bruce McCandless and Robert Stewart achieved this feat during a Challenger mission on February 7, 1984. https://appel.nasa.gov/2020/02/06/this-month-in-nasa-history-astronauts-make-first-untethered-spacewalk/


• Week 5

1) How does the Soyuz Launch work? (and Reentry): https://youtu.be/_v7YgDum2Sg

2) 2024 Total solar eclipse (Apr. 08, 2024)

https://youtu.be/I9Xp2cYJifg?si=NaUaRE3kGHyIYIq4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_April_8,_2024

https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/future-eclipses/eclipse-2024/

https://youtu.be/cxrLRbkOwKs?si=A-l7IKdojQsjcIkm

https://youtu.be/GnZ3dogED7w?si=g72X-M5UL6Ka4sE2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse

How Eclipses Revealed Our Solar System: https://youtu.be/xoDYvvEcIbo?si=-6SMwRluQTBnT-CB


3) Introduction to the topics

Solar System 101: https://youtu.be/libKVRa01L8

Sun 101: https://youtu.be/2HoTK_Gqi2Q

Is Pluto a Planet?: https://youtu.be/CzJIWxplAbQ?si=v8FwmpX-guB9C_I0


4) Solar system: Note 3
 - About Pluto: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/video/science-101-pluto/


5) Did you know?: Graveryard orbit

- Once a satellite stops working, it may be sent to a graveyard orbit. This is an Earth orbit reserved for dead satellites. Other satellites re-enter Earth's atmosphere and burn up.

- Who¡¯s Responsible for Space Junk? https://www.statista.com/chart/28309/countries-creating-the-most-space-debris/

- Recent news article 1: Rocket Lab Wins Contract to Launch Orbital Debris Removal Demonstration Mission for Astroscale

- Recent news article 2: https://www.launcherspace.com/updates/launcher-awarded-u-s-space-force-spacewerx-orbital-prime-contract

- Are we running out of space above earth?: https://youtu.be/LkeTk-Fi_c8?si=2VD0S5r0gs-6yzTU


6) Additional Resources (Optional)

 - Documentary: https://youtu.be/GNJpoP642wc

 - Ice Ages, Solar System Dynamics and Global Climate Change: https://youtu.be/ZN1xGQtAD3w

 - Interstellar Helium Atom Flux at 1 AU: https://youtu.be/oQnjwHPxJfg

 - Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imaging: The Next Step: https://youtu.be/qvDMVk5wwK8


• Week 6

1) Important Notice: No in-person lecture on April 9th, 2024
I will be away from campus this Tuesday due to a government project presentation. There will be no in-person lecture. You do not need to be in the classroom for this lecture on April 9th, 2024.

2) Extra credit homework deadline extended
The extra credit homework deadline is extended to Week 7. Please submit your report in class on April 16th (no email submissions).

3) Personal Assignment for the missed lecture this week
Please watch the documentary "NOVA | The Fabric of the Cosmos: What is Space? [HD]": https://youtu.be/QL59cxglieM?si=T1oeD_oc9DyxoPCk

Then, prepare a one-minute paper on the content, as you would for an in-class lecture.
Please submit this one-minute paper in class next week (Apr. 16th, 2024), right before the lecture.


4) Additional Resources (Optional)
For further exploration, see "The Fabric of the Cosmos" series based on Brian Greene's work: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/series/the-fabric-of-the-cosmos/ (Note: Videos may not be available in Korea)
 - What is Space? https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/the-fabric-of-the-cosmos-what-is-space/

 - The Illusion of Time https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/the-fabric-of-the-cosmos-the-illusion-of-time/ or https://youtu.be/8Y-JmocB84Y?si=rFrVHDf_wGNp4jy1

 - Quantum Leap https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/the-fabric-of-the-cosmos-quantum-leap/ or https://youtu.be/4Z8Ma2YT8vY?si=reOb19XDFlO8MKEt

 - Universe or Multiverse? https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/the-fabric-of-the-cosmos-universe-or-multiverse/ or https://youtu.be/kvtnU0vBRN8?si=WuAkCONSXG5lno42


• Week 7

1) NASA Names Crew For Artemis II Mission
The Washington Post (4/3/2023) reports that ¡°for the first time since the Apollo era, NASA on Monday named a crew of astronauts for a lunar expedition.¡± The astronauts ¡°will fly around the moon in a mission that would precede the first human landing there since 1972.¡± NASA officials ¡°said astronauts Christina Koch, Victor Glover and Reid Wiseman will be joined by Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen on the Artemis II mission, which is scheduled to launch late next year.¡± The announcement ¡°comes about four months after the successful completion of the Artemis I flight, a test that for the first time launched the massive Space Launch System rocket and sent the Orion crew capsule, without any astronauts on board, in orbit around the moon.¡±

The AP (4/3/2023) reports that NASA ¡°named the four astronauts who will fly around the moon late next year, including the first woman and the first African American assigned to a lunar mission.¡± The first moon crew ¡°in 50 years – three Americans and one Canadian – was introduced during a ceremony in Houston, home to the nation¡¯s astronauts as well as Mission Control.¡± Congratulations ¡°streamed in from retired astronauts, including Apollo 11¡¯s Buzz Aldrin and Scott Kelly, the first American to spend close to a year in space.¡± Reuters (4/3/2023) reports that all three NASA astronauts ¡°chosen for the Artemis II mission are veterans of previous expeditions aboard the International Space Station.¡± Hansen, ¡°an astronaut from the Canadian Space Agency, is a spaceflight rookie.¡±

2) Introduction to the topics

Understanding the Outer Reaches of Earth's Atmosphere: https://youtu.be/dD5S4Va2Kh8

Earth's Magnetosphere: https://youtu.be/o4FSg-90XlA


3) Space environment: Note 5

* NASA Talk - Spacecraft, Habitats and Radiation Protection: https://youtu.be/GIYdF7YlX3o


4) Scientists are starting to untangle the genetic, physical, and cognitive toll of being in space

    Scott Kelly (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/kellysj.pdf)

    → Mark Kelly (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/kelly_mark.pdf)

https://www.nasa.gov/twins-study/faq

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/study-of-astronaut-twins-hints-at-spaceflight-health-effects

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-twins-study-results-published-in-science

The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight (https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aau8650)

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5) Additional Resources (Optional)

 - Magazine article about Prof. Keun Ryu's research: HYPER (Hanyang Perspective), 2021 Autumn, Vol. 259, pp. 24-29
 - Prof. Keun Ryu's lecture on "Space Launch Vehicle Liquid Rocket Engine and Key Mechanical Elements Design Technology" to the general public at the Science Lecture Series hosted by the National Research Foundation of Korea:

https://youtu.be/dFGf7bzNvbM

 - Astronaut Chris Hadfield Reviews Space Movies, from 'Gravity' to 'Interstellar' https://youtu.be/3RkhZgRNC1k


6) Review for mid-term exam

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• Week 8

  Mid-term exam (in-class)

• Week 9

1) Student review and feedback for HW 2

2)  Student review and feedback for extra credit HW

2) Latest News: Orbital Reef (https://youtu.be/SC3ooNXfcGE)

Blue Origin and Sierra Space today announced plans for Orbital Reef, a commercially developed, owned, and operated space station to be built in low Earth orbit. The station will open the next chapter of human space exploration and development by facilitating the growth of a vibrant ecosystem and business model for the future. Orbital Reef is backed by space industry leaders and teammates including Boeing, Redwire Space, Genesis Engineering Solutions, and Arizona State University.

https://www.blueorigin.com/news/orbital-reef-commercial-space-station

https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/10/announce-orbital-reef/

https://blueorigin-static-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/orbital-reef-press-release.pdf

3) About Nuri

South Korea celebrates rocket launch | ABC News: https://youtu.be/pc_hQVBZ6p8

Behind Story from KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute): https://youtu.be/l66aB_sIA7M

Thousands of Rockets that Exploded As Soon As Firing: https://youtu.be/t_K0OI2l_1A


4) Sun and Coordinate System: Note 4

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5) Latest News (Dec. 14, 2021): NASA Sends Spacecraft Into Sun¡¯s Atmosphere
The AP reports that NASA announced Tuesday the Parker Solar Probe in April ¡°officially ¡®touched¡¯ the sun, plunging through the unexplored solar atmosphere known as the corona.¡± According to the AP, ¡°Scientists said it took a few months to get the data back and then several more months to confirm.¡±
CNN reports that the Parker Solar Probe ¡°made another intriguing encounter as it passed 6.5 million miles from the sun¡¯s surface. It passed through a feature called a pseudostreamer, a large structure rising above the surface of the sun that has been observed from Earth during solar eclipses.¡±


6
) Introduction to the topics
https://youtu.be/Am7EwmxBAW8


7) HW Assignment 3: Salyut-7 (2017) (Due: Week 11)

 Rent from our Library (free): https://information.hanyang.ac.kr/#/search/detail/18280013

 Rent from Youtube ($3.99): https://youtu.be/LFXSzvTR7I0 or https://youtu.be/eakj4ySb2yo

8) Did you know?

Latest Mission Program: SpaceX Crew-2 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-2)
- NASA SpaceX Crew-2 Astronauts Headed to International Space Station

- See the NASA webpage for more details: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-spacex-crew-2-astronauts-headed-to-international-space-station

- SpaceX Crew-2 is the second crewed operational flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft, and its third overall crewed orbital flight. The mission launched on 23 April 2021.
- The Crew-2 mission is transporting four members of the crew to the International Space Station (ISS). Crew-2 also used the same capsule as Demo-2 (Endeavour) and used the same booster as Crew-1.

• Week 10

1) Latest News:

¡Ü NASA Delays Planned Moon Landing To 2025
Bloomberg (11/9/2021) reports that NASA will not land astronauts ¡°back on the moon before 2025 and says it will need additional funds each year starting in 2023 to keep its Artemis lunar program on schedule.¡± NASA also extended the timeframe ¡°by a year for several Artemis milestones begun under President Donald Trump, including a planned 2023 flight with crew around the moon.¡± NASA blamed the delays ¡°primarily on the pandemic and storm damage at a NASA site in Louisiana¡± and also ¡°cited litigation that Jeff Bezos¡¯s Blue Origin initiated earlier this year over a NASA contract awarded to rival firm SpaceX to build a human landing system to put astronauts on the lunar surface.¡±

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The New York Times (11/9/2021) reports the delays, ¡°as well as several new engineering requirements, came with a $2.6 billion increase to the price of developing Orion, for total cost of $9.7 billion over a dozen years.¡±
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The Washington Post (11/9/2021) reports that NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said that the existing timeline was no longer feasible, and that a human landing would occur ¡°likely to no earlier than 2025.¡± Dealing with the pandemic ¡°was a major driver of the delay, Nelson said in a call with reporters, as were unrealistic budgets under the Trump administration.¡± For a lunar landing, NASA officials ¡°said the timing would depend on the success of the previous test flights as well as SpaceX¡¯s development of the Starship spacecraft that would meet up with Orion in lunar orbit and ferry the astronauts to the surface of the moon.¡±

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¡Ü Crew-3 Launches Into Orbit
The New York Times (11/10/2021) reports that the four-astronaut crew of the Crew-3 mission launched into space Wednesday night. The Crew-3 capsule is scheduled to dock with the International Space Station at 7:01 p.m. Thursday.

Spaceflight Now (11/10/2021) reports that veteran US Air Force pilot Col. Raja Chari, 44, ¡°is the first rookie astronaut to command a NASA space mission since the final crew blasted off to the Skylab space station in 1973.¡± Chari leads ¡°a four-person crew heading to the International Space Station for a nearly six-month expedition.¡±

CNN (11/10/2021) reports that the Crew-3 astronauts will oversee research including ¡°an attempt to grow a ¡®perfect crystal¡¯ to enhance our understanding of biological processes, a test of the impact of diet on astronaut health, and the testing of a smartphone video guidance sensor for guidance, navigation, and control of the Astrobee free-flying robot.¡±

The AP (11/10/2021) reports that astronaut Matthias Mauer was the 600th person to enter space ¡°based on his mission assignment.¡±

2) Orbital mechanics: Note 6

Kepler¡¯s First Law of Motion - Elliptical Orbits (Astronomy): https://youtu.be/qDHnWptz5Jo

Kepler¡¯s Second Law of Motion - Equal Area in Equal Time (Astronomy): https://youtu.be/qd3dIGJqRDU

Kepler's Third Law of Motion - Law of Periods (Astronomy): https://youtu.be/KbXVpdlmYZo


3) Orbits and mission geometry: Note 7

4) Additional Resources (Optional): Satellite orbits

     - Global Positioning System GPS Constellation: https://youtu.be/v_6yeGcpoyE

     - Geostationary Orbit GEO: https://youtu.be/Hcm7oQwpZfg

     - Regression of Nodes: https://youtu.be/uZc0YJjyWGM

     - Prograde, Retrograde, and Sun-Synchronous Orbits: https://youtu.be/4K5FyNbV0nA

     - Rotation of Apsides: https://youtu.be/XvxjXVxz9D0

     - Molniya Orbit: https://youtu.be/O_Iykeouj3g

     - Molniya Communications Relay: https://youtu.be/UPvnzSggD7o

     - Orbit Circularization by Atmospheric Drag: https://youtu.be/tOfUaGBIou8

     - Effects of Solar Radiation Pressure on Satellite Orbits: https://youtu.be/AVO42b7QLNM

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5) Did you know?

- In 1920, Robert Goddard was made fun of by newspapers when he said that rockets would be able to fly in the vacuum of space. In 1969, an apology was published when he was proven correct after Apollo 11 few to the moon. (See the documentary about Robert Goddard)

• Week 11

1) Student review and feedback for HW 5

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2) Space mission systems: Note 8

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3) Space Stations: Note 9

How does the International Space Station work? https://youtu.be/oLrOnEmy_GA

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4) News

NASA details intent to replace the International Space Station with a commercial space station by 2030 (Dec. 01, 2021)

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China Sends Three Astronauts To Complete Space Station
The Washington Post (11/29/2022) reports that China has ¡°launched a trio of taikonauts to its recently completed space station, another significant milestone for a country that has big ambitions in space and is rivaling the prowess of the United States.¡± Tuesday¡¯s launch from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China ¡°was deemed a ¡®complete success,¡¯ by an official in the Chinese mission control center, where flight engineers broke into applause after the Shenzhou-15 mission spacecraft unfurled its solar arrays and was flying freely toward the space station.¡± China ¡°touted the launch as another sign of its technological prowess.¡±

https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/29/china-space-station-crew-launch/


AP (11/29/2022) reports that the six-month mission, ¡°commanded by Fei Junlong and crewed by Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu, will be the last in the station¡¯s construction phase, according to the China Manned Space Agency.¡± The station¡¯s ¡°third and final module docked earlier this month, one of the last steps in China¡¯s effort to maintain a constant crewed presence in orbit.¡± The crew of the Shenzhou-15 ¡°will spend several days working with the existing three-member crew of the Tiangong station, who will return to Earth after their six-month mission.¡±

https://apnews.com/article/space-launches-science-china-7eefbe76e6407e4146f0169a325c4148


Reuters (11/29/2022) reports that the ¡°¡®Celestial Palace¡¯ was the culmination of nearly two decades of Chinese crewed missions to space.¡± China¡¯s crewed space flights ¡°began in 2003 when a former fighter pilot, Yang Liwei, was sent into orbit in a small bronze-coloured capsule, the Shenzhou-5, and became China¡¯s first man in space and an instant hero cheered by millions at home.¡± The space station is ¡°also an emblem of China¡¯s growing clout and confidence in its space endeavours and a challenger to the United States in the domain, after being isolated from the NASA-led ISS and banned by U.S. law from any collaboration, direct or indirect, with the American space agency.¡±

https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/china-launches-crewed-spacecraft-chinese-space-station-state-television-2022-11-29/


AP (11/29/2022) reports that the three Chinese astronauts ¡°docked early Wednesday with their country¡¯s space station, where they will overlap for several days with the three-member crew already onboard and expand the facility to its maximum size.¡± Docking with the Tiangong station ¡°came at 5:42 a.m. Wednesday, about 6 1/2 hours after the Shenzhou-15 spaceship blasted off atop a Long March-2F carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on Tuesday night.¡±

https://hosted.ap.org/article/7eefbe76e6407e4146f0169a325c4148/chinese-spaceship-3-aboard-docks-space-station

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5) Additional Resources (Optional): For more information about the ISS

 (1) https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/np-2015-05-022-jsc-iss-guide-2015-update-111015-508c.pdf

 (2) https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/167129main_Systems.pdf

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6) Did you know?

- Mike Fossum while in the International Space Station had a live video chat with more than 200 Texas A&M engineering and physics students on campus Oct. 28, 2011.

- Christina Koch and Dr. Jessica Ulrika Meir (Ph.D in Marine Biology from UCSD in 2009, "Blood oxygen transport and depletion : the key of consummate divers") had the first all-female spacewalk On October 18, 2019.


7) HW Assignment 4: Hidden Figures (2016) (Due: Week 12)

 Rent from our Library (free): https://information.hanyang.ac.kr/#/search/detail/17120350

 Rent from Youtube ($3.99): https://youtu.be/PqURzqvCMss or https://youtu.be/U386EMeWo3I


• Week 12

1) Student review and feedback for HW 6
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2) Introduction to the topics

 Rise of the Rockets: https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x77ge2p/

 NASA Talk - Escaping Earth's Gravity: Space Launch System: https://youtu.be/SFjc0j8-OVU


3) Spacecraft propulsion systems: Note 10


4) Introduction to turbomachinery: Note 11


5
) Additional Resources (Optional)

NASA Talk - Mars Entry, Descent and Landing with Humans: https://youtu.be/ZLBXnJ1JjVQ


• Week 13

1) Student review and feedback for HW 7

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2) Introduction to the topics

https://youtu.be/1yBwWLunlOM

https://youtu.be/dCF--YOjiOw

3) Space launch systems

4) Rocket propulsion

It's Rocket Science! with Professor Chris Bishop: https://youtu.be/HESOat2iPzU

The Rocket Equation: Mathematician vs Astronaut: https://youtu.be/V_brZ-KWY3g

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5) Video: Recent event in ISS

 - International Space Station: Hole and Leak: https://youtu.be/5q1G1-m2zGw

6) How does the Soyuz Spacecraft work?: https://youtu.be/24Bz5Ra5RgE

Soyuz: launch to orbit: https://youtu.be/fr_hXLDLc38

• Week 14

1) Latest News: Japanese billionaire soars into space (Dec. 08, 2021)

2) Application of rocket propulsion

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3) Rocket engine cycles

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4) Introduction to the topics

https://youtu.be/OnoNITE-CLc

https://youtu.be/SvaG0xDdP8g


5) Space shuttle: Note 12 

How did the Orbiter Vehicle work? (Space Shuttle): https://youtu.be/cFBRawYov00


6) For more information

 (1) https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/584722main_Wings-ch3a-pgs53-73.pdf

 (2) https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/656773main_ShuttleRetrospectiveBook-ebook.pdf

 (3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions

7) Did you know?

- The entire shuttle vehicle, fully loaded, weighed about 2 million kg (4.4 million pounds) and required a combined thrust of about 35 million newtons (7.8 million pounds-force) to reach orbital altitude.

- Space shuttles break the sound barrier at 52 seconds after liftoff.

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8) Review for final exam


• Week 15

1) Extra Q&A

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2) Spacecraft power systems and space missions

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3) Daily Updates for NASA Artemis: News

Artemis I Successfully Completes Test Mission
The Washington Post (12/11) reports, ¡°NASA completed a significant step Sunday toward returning astronauts to the lunar surface with the successful completion of a test mission that sent a capsule designed for human spaceflight to orbit the moon and return safely to Earth.¡± NASA¡¯s unmanned Orion spacecraft ¡°splashed down in the Pacific Ocean off the Baja California peninsula of Mexico under a trio of billowing parachutes at 12:40 p.m. Eastern time.¡± The mission ¡°heralded, the space agency said, a series of upcoming missions that are to be piloted by a new generation of NASA astronauts as part of the Artemis program.¡±

https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/12/11/orion-splashdown-artemis-mission/


The New York Times (12/11) reports, ¡°During the 26 days of Artemis I, glitches popped up as expected, but the flight appeared to be devoid of major malfunctions that would require a lengthy investigation and redesign.¡± American Institute of Aeronautics and Astrnautics Executive Director Daniel L. Dumbacher said, ¡°It¡¯s a great demonstration that this stuff works.¡± According to the Times, ¡°Dumbacher oversaw early work on the Space Launch System more than a decade ago when he was a top human spaceflight official at NASA.¡± Further Artemis missions will aim to put astronauts back on the surface of the moon, facilitated by a SpaceX lander and Starships; ¡°for Artemis III, the lander will dock with the Orion spacecraft above the moon.¡± One of the three Starships ¡°will essentially serve as a gas station in orbit,¡± and while ¡°the idea of refueling in space dates back decades,¡± it ¡°remains largely untested.¡± Mr. Dumbacher said, ¡°Knowing what I think I know about the state of our research into microgravity propellant transfer, we have a long way to go.¡±

https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/12/11/science/nasa-artemis-orion-splashdown/water-landings-are-often-nasas-preferred-way-to-get-astronauts-home


Space News (12/11, Subscription Publication) reports that following the conclusion of Artemis I, ¡°U.S. Space Command is using the mission to highlight its role in supporting NASA, even as the space agency considers alternatives to some of those services.¡± That branch of the military coordinated the recovery of the Orion spacecraft. U.S. Army Gen. James Dickinson ¡°said...that discussions have already started for the Artemis 2 crewed mission, scheduled for no earlier than late 2024.¡±

https://spacenews.com/space-command-promotes-role-in-artemis-1/


Space News (12/10, Subscription Publication) reported the European Space Agency ¡°praised the performance of the Orion spacecraft¡¯s service module, which some see as a step towards a European crewed spacecraft.¡± David Parker, ESA¡¯s director for human and robotic exploration, said, ¡°We are coming towards the end of what you might think of as a 100-meter race that¡¯s followed a marathon. The marathon was the 10 years of effort and preparation needed to build and prepare the first European Service Module for its journey to the moon and back again, and 100-meter race has been that actual mission itself.¡±

https://spacenews.com/europe-celebrates-performance-of-orion-service-module/


Spaceflight Now (12/9) reported, ¡°The mobile launch platform for NASA¡¯s Space Launch System moon rocket rolled back into the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center Friday for inspections and repairs after liftoff of the Artemis 1 moon mission last month, setting the stage for upgrades to the 380-foot-tall structure before the first crewed Artemis moon flight scheduled for 2024.¡± Inspections have revealed the launcher incurred ¡°relatively minor damage¡± during the course of Artemis I¡¯s liftoff. While ¡°most of the damage was predicted,¡± NASA ¡°discovered the blast of the rocket¡¯s 8.8 million pounds of thrust blew the doors off elevators that run up and down the structure,¡± which ¡°wasn¡¯t expected¡± and could result in a longer repair time than initially thought.

https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/12/09/repairs-and-upgrades-await-sls-mobile-launcher-before-crewed-lunar-mission/


NASA Administrator Bill Nelson appeared on CNN (12/9) ¡°to discuss what the next steps are for Artemis¡± following its successful first mission.

https://us.cnn.com/videos/business/2022/12/09/bill-nelson-nasa-artemis-orion-newsroom-contd-vpx.cnn-business


• Week 16

  Final exam (in-class)

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